Door operating and locking mechanism



Dec. 26, 1939. J. E. BROWNING DOOR OPERATING AND LOCKING MECHANISM 8Sheets-Sheet 1 Filed March 20, 1959 James .F. Brown/n Q QM NW WW HQ Q aw& ww g mw ww wwnw &

Dec. 26, 1939. J. E. BROWNING DOOR OPERATING AND LOCKING MECHANISM FiledMarch 20; 1959 8 Sheets-Sheet 2 QM NH? WQNI WON w m mu /J F i n James1",. Browning Dec. 26, 1939. J. E. BROWNING DOOR OPERATING AND LOCKINGMECHANISM Filed March 20, 1939 8 Sheets-Sheet 3 .Ebrowning Dec. 26,1939. J BRQWNINGI I 2,184,774

DOOR OPERATING AND LOCKING MECHANISM v Filed March 20, 1939 8Sheets-Sheet 5 Dec. 26, 1939. J. E. BROWNING DOOR OPERATING AND LOCKINGMECHANISM a sheets -sheet 6 Filed March 20, 1939 kw. m m m fis w.

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i E w twin. \J N Dec. 26, 1939. J. E. BROWNING V DOOR OPERATING ANDLOCKING MECHANISM Filed March 20, 1959 8 Sheets-Sheet 7 Dec. 26, 1939.J. E. BROWNING DOOR OPERATING AND LOCKING MECHANISM 8 sheets sheet 8Filed March 20, 19:59

Patented Dec. 26, 1939 warren s'rA'r ATENT oFFlcs noon OPERATING ANT)LOCKING MECHANISM Application March 20,

7 22 Claims.

The invention relates to mechanisms for operating and locking doors andit is particularly applicable for controlling jail cell doors from acontrol booth or the like. I

The principal object of the invention is to provide a comparativelysimple and inexpensive; yet a safe and reliable mechanism which may bequickly and easily operated to open or close any selected door or doors,and to lock and unlock the 1 Same.

supported carriage which is operable at will, and one or" the foremostobjects of the invention is to provide for limited movements of thecarriage with respect to the door for the purpose of utilizing theselimited carriage movements to efiect door locking and unlocking.

Further objects are to provide door locking means controlled by verticalmovements of the door and to make novel provision whereby the abovementioned limited movements of the carriage with respect to the doorwill be utilized to impart the required vertical movements to saiddoorto lock and unlock the same.

2 Another object is to provide novel and advantageous means for lockingthe door carriages as Well as the doors, providing an additionalsafeguard.

A still further object is to provide novelme'ans 3 r for selectively orsimultaneously connecting any or all of the door carriages with a singlecarriage operating member, whereby any one of the doors or a numberthereof may be opened or closed at will. i

A still further object is to make novel and advantageous provision foractuating the above mentioned carriage operating member at a relativelyslow speed with consequent relatively great power until the door hasbeen well started toward open or closed position, and for then actuatingsaid operating member with comparatively great speed.

The operating means for the above mentioned carriage-operating memberpreferably includes a hand wheel by means of which said operating meansis actuated to either open or close any selected door or doors-,andstill another object of the invention is-to provide novel means for'stopping the rotation of said hand- Wheel in either operation has beencompleted, overcoming any liability of straining or breaking any of theparts which move under the influence of said hand wheelby excessiveturning of the latter in either direction.

Each door is suspended from an elevated trackdirection when the dooropening or door closing 1939', Serial No. 263,091

.With the foregoing and minor objects in View, the invention residesinthe novel subject matter hereinafter described and claimed, descriptionbeing accomplished by reference to the accompanying drawings;

Figure 1 is a side elevation partly broken away and in section showingthe invention associated with three cell doors, one of said doors beingshown in closed position, another partially opened and the thirdcompletely opened.

Figure 2 is an enlarged horizontal sectional viewsubstantially on line22 of Figure 1.

Figure 3 is a detail vertical section on line 3-3 of Figure 2.

Figure 4: is an enlarged elevation partly broken away looking toward theleft end of Figure 1.

Figure 5 is an enlarged sectional view corre- Figure 8 is a verticaltransverse section. on

line 8-8 of Figure 6.- a,

Figure 9' is an enlarged elevation partlyin section showing the upperportion of one of the doors, the carriage for this door and the variousstructural features associated with said carriage. Figures I0 and ii aretransverse sectional views on lines lW-l'il and ll-H'respective1y ofFigure 9.

Figure 12 isatop plan view partly in section showing the par-tsillustrated in Figure 9.

Figure 13 is a horizontal sectional View on line l3i3 of Figure 9.

Figure 14 is a vertical longitudinal sectional view on line I l-44 ofFigure 12 showing the Vertically movable bar which is instrumental inconnecting the carriage with the carriage-(spent: ing member and inlooking said carriage.

Figure 15 is a View similar to Figure 14 but showing the manner in whichthe vertically movable bar locks the carriage when the latter isdisriage is moving the door toward open or closed position.

Figure 19 is a similar view illustrating the relation which occurs whenthe door is locked in open position.

Features of construction have been illustrated which may be consideredas preferred but the present disclosure is to be considered asillustrative rather than limiting, for numerous variations may be madewithin the scope of the invention as claimed.

For illustrative purposes, the invention has been shown associated withthe doors 20 of three cells 2|, 22 and 23 but it could of course be usedwith any desired number of cell doors or with other kinds of doors. Thedoors 20 are suspended from overhead carriages 24 having flanged wheels25 to travel on horizontal tracks 26 suitably mounted upon the bottom ofan elongated casing structure 21 which is appropriately mounted over thedoorways of the bank of cells. At one end of the cell bank, I have showna control cabinet 28 in which is a hand wheel 29 constituting the primemover for the actuating means of a horizontal carriage-operating bar 3|]which is suitably mounted in and extends longitudinally of the housing21. The cabinet 28 also contains a plurality of indexing pushbuttons orthe like 3| which are operable to connect any one or more of the doorcarriages 24 with the operating bar 36, whereby movement of this bar 36will move the connected carriage or carriages. The push-buttons 3! alsoserve to apply and release a locking means for the carriages as willhereinafter appear.

Each carriage 24 is so connected with its respective door 26, that itmay move in either direction to a limited extent with respect to saiddoor, before starting to open the latter, after completely opening thelatter, before starting to close the door and after completely closingsaid door, and I make novel provision whereby these limited carriagemovements with respect to the door, are utilized to effect verticalmovements of said door to and from locked position.

Any suitable provision may be made for locking the door 20 when it ismoved vertically in one direction and for unlocking it when movedvertically in the other direction. In the present disclosure, the upperend of the door 20 is provided with a projection 32 (see Figs. 9, 10 and11) which is receivable in an opening 33 in the bottom of the housing 21when said door is completely closed and lifted, said projection beingalso receivable in another opening similar to 33 when the door iscompletely opened and lifted. I have also shown hook-shaped slots 34 insome of the edge bars of the door 20 (see Fig. 3) engageable with fixedpins 35 carried by the fixed door frame. These slots and pinsinterengage and lock the door closed at its lower end while theprojection 32 and opening 33 are locking the upper end of said door.These provisions for utilizing vertical movements of the door to lockand unlock the same, are of course merely illustrative of various waysin which the results could be accomplished. Moreover, while in thepresent disclosure, the door is locked when it is raised and unlockedwhen it is lowered, it will be obvious that an arrangement could beprovided to lock upon door lowering and release upon door raising.

The various features of construction associated with any one of thecarriages 24, are duplicated in connection with all of the othercarriages and hence a description in connection with one, will sufiice.For this description, attention is invited more particularly to Figures9 to 19, inclusive.

The carriage 24 in the present disclosure is provided with twolongitudinally extending chassis bars 36 and 36 disposed in parallelrelation, said bars having longitudinally extending slots 3'! and 37 intheir central portions, the slot 31 being formed in the bar 36 and theslot 31' in the bar 36. The slot 3'7 is provided with end portions whichincline and diverge widely toward the upper edge of the bar 36,the loweredges 38 and 39 of said inclined ends constituting cams for a purpose toappear. The slot 37 is shaped in the same manner and is provided withcam surfaces 38 and 39 corresponding to the cams 38 and 39. The twoslots 31 and 3? are offset from each other longitudinally of thecarriage 24. Two rollers or other shoes 4|] and 46' are received in thetwo slots 31 and 31 respectively, said rollers being suitably mounted ona vertical door hanger 4| which passes through a longitudinal slot 42 inthe bottom of the housing 21, the lower end of said hanger beingsuitably secured to the door 20 and the upper end of said hanger beingpositioned centrally between the carriage chassis bars 36 and 36'. Inthe present disclosure, the rollers and 46 are mounted on horizontalpins 43 and 43 which pass through and are welded to the hanger 4|.Preferably, the extremities of the slots 31 and 31 are so shaped thatthe rollers 40 and 40' come to rest on horizontal surfaces when the dooris locked open or closed, whereby said rollers will have no tendency toroll down the inclined slot portions which would cause strain upon thecarriage locking means to be described. The ofiset relation of the slots31 and 31 prevents the door from swing ing longitudinally of the track.

Two toggles 44 and 44- are provided between the end portions of thechassis bars 36 and 36, said toggles each comprising an inner link 45pivoted to the hanger 4|, and an outer link 46 pivoted to the carriage24, the two links being slidably and pivotally connected with eachother. The inner end of each link 45 is, in the present disclosure,pivoted to the hanger 4| by mounting it upon the pin 43 or 43', and ifdesired, each toggle may have two of these links 45, as in the presentdisclosure. The outer end of each link 45 is provided with alongitudinal slot 41, the upper edge wall of which is preferably formedwith a notch 48 at its inner end. The outer link 46, in the presentshowing, is pivoted to the carriage 24 by mounting it upon one of theaxles or the like 49 of the carriage wheels 25. The inner end of thislink 46 carries a pin 5|] which is received in the slot 41 to seat inthe notch 48, said pin having projecting portions 5| on its ends restingslidably upon the chassis bars 36 and 36'. When the toggle is upwardlybuckled, the notch 48 engaging the pin 56, prevents the link 46 fromswinging toward the outer end of the slot 41 to a position past the deadcenter of pin 49.

When the rollers 40 and 40 are at the centers of the slots 31 and 31,both toggles 44 and 44' are buckled upwardly to some extent as seen inFigures 9 and 18. These are the positions which the two toggles occupywhen the door 20 is being moved in either direction by the carriage 24,and as long as said toggles 44 and 44' are held against further upwardbuckling, it will be seen that said carriage may have no horizonasrequired. Provision is made for holding the.

toggles 44 and 44' against said further upward buckling during theopening and closing move ments of the door but for allowing said furtherbuckling of one toggle or the other when the door has completed itsopening or closing movement. When the toggle 44' is permitted tobuckleupwardly to an extreme position (see Fig. 17) after the door 20 has beencompletely closed, the carriage 24 may move to the left to an extremeposition and during this carriage movement, theycams 39 and 39' coactwith the rollers 40 and 4i) to lift the hanger 4| and the door, thuslocking the latter in closed position by interengaging the locking means32 and 33, and t4 and 35 as above explained. When the other toggle 44 ispermitted to buckle upwardly to an extreme extent (see Fig. 19) with thedoor 20 entirely open, the cams 38 and 38' lift the rollers 49 and 49,thereby lifting the hanger 4| and the door 29 to cause the latter to belocked in open position, for instance, by engagement of the stud 32 withanother opening such as 33. Needless to say, when extreme upwardbuckling of the toggle 44 is permitted, the carriage 24 may move to anextreme position beyond that which it occupies when it has justcompleted the door closing movement. When the door is to be moved fromits closed position (Fig. 17) the carriage 24 is given a return movementwith respect to said door and this return movement causes the cams 39and 39' to again lower the door, thus unlocking the same. The twotoggles 44 and 44 then occupy the positions shown in Figs. 9' and 18, inwhich positions they are locked until the door opening movement iscompleted. Similarly, when the door is to be moved from the openposition (Fig. 19), the carriage 24 is given a return movement withrespect to said door and this return movement lowers the door to free itfpr movement. By the time this door lowering has occurred, the twotoggles 44 and 44 again occupy the positions shown in Figs. 9 and 18 inwhich position, they are locked until the door closing movement has beencompleted.

For locking the two toggles 44 and 44' in doordriving position (Figs. 9and 18) for permitting toggle 44' to buckle further upward when the dooris closed (Fig. 17) and for allowing toggle 44 to buckle further upwardwhen the door is open, (Fig. 19), I make use of two levers 52 and 52'both extending longitudinally at the outer side of the chassis bar 36and both fulcrumed to said chassis bar upon a suitable lateral stud 53.The outer ends of the levers 52 and 52' carry rollers or other shoes 54and 54 respectively, engaging one of the carriage track rails 25, theroller 54 being adapted to leave said rail when the door has beencompletely opened (Fig. 19), thus permitting tilting of the lever 52,and the roller 54' being adapted to move from said rail when the doorhas been completely to efiect vertical movement of the latter to andsuitable supports 55.

from locked position, whether the door be locked open or locked closed.

Both levers 52 and 52', in the present showing, 4

are of right angular form, the upper end of lever 52 carries a roller 55to lie upon a portion of the toggle'44', and the upper end of lever 52carries a roller 55 to lie upon a portion of the toggle 44' (see Figs.9, 10, 11 and 18). As long as the rollers are held down upon thetoggles- 44 and 44', the latter cannot buckle upwardly beyond theirdoor-driving position (Figs. 9 and 18) but release of lever '52 (Fig.19) allows roller 55 to free the toggle 44, and release of lever 52'allows 55' to release toggle 44', and whenever one toggle or the otheris released, the carriage 24 continues to move to an extreme positionand such carriage movement is utilized to lift the door to lockedposition as above ex plained.

In order that the rollers 54 and 54' may be set to coact at the properinstant with the ends of the track rail 25 upon which said rollerstravel, it is preferable that provision-be made for adjusting saidrollers to some extent longitudinally of said rail. This may be done byproviding the levers 52 and 52' with adjustable terminals 56 carryingsaid rollers, and I have illustrated bolt and slot connections 57between these terminals and the major portions of said levers.

Each carriage 24 carries a coupling pin 58 which is vertically slidableinto and from a socket 59 carried by the carriage-operating bar (seemore particularly Figs. 9, 11, 12, 14 and 15). This coupling pin 58-isslidably mounted,

in the present disclosure, in apertured lugs 60 and 6! which arerigidlycarried by and project rearwardly from the upper and lowerportions of the rear chassis bar 36 of the carriage 24. The upper lug 60may well contact with the lower side of the bar but undue friction mayhere be prevented by providing the carriage 24 with a roller 62 (Figs.9, 10 and 12) upon which said bar rests, upward movement of said baraway from the roller 62 being prevented by a series of rollers 63 whichare suitably mounted in th housing 21 and rest upon said bar.

It will be seen that when the coupling pin 58 is loweredfrom the socket59 (Fig. 15), the carriage 24 carrying said pin will be disconnectedfrom the operating bar 35, whereas raising of said coupling pin (Fig.14) will cause it to operatively connect the carriage with the bar 3!]so that movement of the latter may be transmitted to the former. Novelprovision is made for effecting these movements of the coupling pin 58,for locking the carriage 24 when said pin is lowered (Fig. 15) and forunlockingsaid carriage when said pin is raised (Fig. 14). In attainingthese ends, the structure now to be described is preferred.

A coupling pin operating bar 54 extends longitudinally within the rearportion of the housing 21 and is mounted for vertical movements but isheld against'appreciable horizontal. movements. For'illustrativepurposes, this bar 64 is carried by two bell cranks which are preferablyadjustably mounted in the housing 21, upon These bell cranks 65 arepivoted to a longitudinal rod 51' which is directly under the control ofone of the push-buttons 3i reviously mentioned (Figs. 1, 4 and 5). Thus,the bar 64- may be moved upwardly and downwardly at will and provisionis made to connect this bar with the coupling pin 58 for moving the"latter to and fromthe carriage-driving position of Figs. 9, 11 and 14.In the present disclosure, the pin 58 carries upper and lower guides 68and 59 slidably engaged with the bar 64. While the carriage 24 is movingthe door toward open or closed position, the guide 88 rests upon bar 64and holds the coupling .pin 58 engaged with the socket 59, possibledescent of said bar 84 being then prevented due to the fact that thisbar then rests upon the lug GI or directly overlies said lug, as seen inFigs. 10, 11 and 14. The ends of the bar 64 are notched as shown at 18and 19' to clear the lug SI' when the carriage has completed thedoor-closing or door-opening operation and has moved to its extremedoor-locking position. Thus, when the bar 84 is moved downwardly to freethe coupling pin 58 from the carriage operating bar 39, one or the otherof the notches I0, 18 will engage the lug 8| (Fig. 15), thereby lockingthe carriage 24 in its final position, and providing an additionalsafeguard against possible unauthorized opening of the door.

The drive socket 59 is preferably carried by a base plate II connectedwith the bar 39 at 12 in such manner that it may be adjustedlongitudinally of the latter to the requisite position. The plate II isprovided with a boss I3 projecting downwardly into an opening It in thebar 38, the lower side of said boss being flush with the lower side ofsaid bar to prevent catching of the coupling pin 58 upon same. The endsof the opening '14 are formed with narrow notches I5 and the boss '53 isprovided with lugs '55 slidably received in these notches, the wholeproviding a structure which permits adjustment of the socket 59, yetovercomes any liability of the coupling pin 58 catching on any part whenbar 39 is being moved with respect to said pin to operate another door.

A spring I? is preferably relied upon to move the rod 9'! in the properdirection to raise the bar 64 which controls the coupling pin 58, and aninward push on one or another of the push-buttons SI (Figs. 1, 4 and 5)is utilized to move said rod 81 in the other direction to lower said bar64 (Fig. 15). For illustrative purposes, rod 8'! is pivoted to a bellcrank E8 in the control cabinet 28 (Figs. 1, 4 and 5), a vertical rod I9is connected with said bell crank, another bell crank 80 is connectedwith rod I9, and a horizontal rod or the like 81 connects with 88 andpasses through an opening 82 in a vertical panel 83 within the cabinet28, said rod or the like SI being provided with one of the push-buttons3|. A push on this button rocks the bell crank 88, pulling upon rod 19,thereby rocking bell crank 18 and pulling upon rod 61 to effect loweringof the bar 84 to the position shown in Fig. 15, in I which position itfrees the carriage from the bar 39 and locks said carriage. The rod orthe like 8! may be provided with a notch 84 to engage the edge wall ofthe opening 82 to hold the parts in the positions to which they aremoved by the push button 3| and whenever the notch is released from theedge of the opening, the spring Tl will lift the bar 84 tocarriage-releasing position (Fig. 14) at the same time engaging thecoupling pin 58 with the socket 59 or positioning said pin in readinessfor such engagement should the bar 38 then occupy a position in which 59is not in alinement with 58. Should this condition occur, pin 58 willsimply strike the bottom of bar 38 and while this bar is being moved tothe proper position, said bar will slide upon the upper end of the pinand the latter will move into the socket 59 as soon as the latterbecomes alinedwith said pin.

In operating the carriage-actuating bar 30, it is advisable to move sameslowly and with relatively great power until the inertia of the door hasbeen overcome and to then move said bar more rapidly. For accomplishingthese results,

I prefer the mechanism shown more particularly at the upper portion ofFig. 5 and in Figs. 6, 7 and 8. The end of the bar 38 toward the cabinet28, carries a rack bar 85 meshing with a gear 85 on a short horizontalshaft 81, the ends of said shaft 81 being provided with smaller gears 88each of which is provided with a fiat peripheral portion 89 for apurpose to appear. The shaft 8! is rotatably mounted on an appropriatecarriage 98 which is slidable between two parallel tracks 9! suitablysecured to a base plate 92, said carriage 98 having a roller or the like93 for holding the rack 85 engaged with the gear 88. The tracks 9i areprovided at one end with fiat surfaces 98, at their other ends with flatsurfaces 95, and between their ends with rack teeth 98. With the partspositioned as in Fig. 6, the flat portions 89 of the gears 88 are incontact with the flat track portions 94. Thus, when the carriage ismoved to the right, said gears 88 and the gear 88 will be locked againstrotation and will simply push the rack 85 at the speed of the carriage,89 then sliding upon 84. When 89 slides from 9-1, however, the continuedmovement of the carriage 98 causes the gears 88 to mesh with the rackteeth 98, whereupon said gears 88 are rotated with the result that theyrotate the gear 86 and cause the latter to move the rack 85 with greaterspeed than that of the carriage 98. When thegears 88 leave the rackteeth 98, the flat portions 89 of said gears slide upon the fiat trackportions with the result that the gears 88 and 88, and shaft 81,establish a direct connection between carriage 98 and rack 85 so thatbar 80 will again moveat the same speed as the carriage.

It will be seen from the above that the mechanism of Figs. 6, 7 and 8not only moves the door relatively slowly and with comparatively greatpower until its inertia is overcome when starting said door toward openor closed position, but that said mechanism will slow down the doormotion at the end of its opening and closing movements, permitting thedoor to come more gently to rest.

Movement of the carriage 90 in door-opening or door-closing direction,is effected by rotating the hand wheel 29 (Figs. 1, 4 and 5). shown asprocket 91 behind the panel 83 and secured to the shaft 98 of said handwheel, said sprocket 9T engaging an endless sprocket chain 99 Whoseupper portion passes around a sprocket I88 on a short shaft IIlI mountedin suitable bearings I82 on the base plate 92 (Figs. 5, 6 and 7). ShaftMI is provided with a beveled pinion I83 meshing with a beveled gear I04on a transverse shaft I85 which is mounted in a suitable bearing I96 onthe base plate 92. Shaft I05 carries a spur pinion IIl'I meshing with arack I88 which is secured to the carriage 98. It will thus be seen thatby turning the hand wheel 29 several revolutions in one direction, theproper motion may be transmitted to the carriage-operating bar 38 toeffect door opening, and that reverse rotation of said hand wheel willso move said bar 39 as to eifect door closing. It is desirable toprovide a positive stop forthe hand wheel 29 when bar 30 should bestopped at either end of I have its travel, overcoming strain, andpossible injury to interveningparts.

I have shown a stopv I09 secured to the rear side: of the hand wheel 29,to engage a movable stop. no carried by the panel. 83, said stop H0,however, being out of the path of 109 as long, as rotation of the wheel29 is required. A pivoted setting device i H is provided for the stopH0, however, connected therewith by a link H2, and a trip 2 i3 isprovided on the chain 99 to abut the portion 5 M of said setting devicewhen the proper movement of the carriage-actuating bar 301s almostcompleted in either direction. Thus, by the time this bar movement hasbeen completed, H3 has raised 1 I! and swung H0 into the path of H79 toprevent further rotation of the hand wheel 2d.

Before explaining the general operation, let it be remembered that allmovements of the carriage-operating bar 38 are imparted thereto byrotating the hand wheel 29, that there is one of the push-buttons 3| foreach of the doors 20 and that with all of the doors closed, all of saidpushbuttons are held in their innermost positions by the notches 84(Fig. 5). With the push-buttons in these positions, the operatingconnections 80,

1%, "iii, 67 and 55, hold all of the bars 64 downwardly to lock thecarriages 24 in the door closed positionshown in Fig. 17, all of thecoupling pins 58 being then lowered from engagement with theirrespective sockets 59 (on the carriage-operating bar 38) With thecarriages 24- thus locked in door-closed position, the doors 20 are heldin raised locked position by means of the cams 39 and 39' and therollers and d0. Assume now that any door is to be opened. The properpushbutton 3! is released and the spring 11 moves the rod Bl to causethe bell cranks 65 to raise the bar 65 by the selected door carriage.The upward movement of bar 64 engages the coupling pin 56 with thesocket 59 of the carriage-operating bar 39 as seen in Figs. 9, 11 and14. Now, the hand wheel 29 is rotated to cause the various rivingconnections to move the bar 39 in dooropening direction. The firstmovement of this bar 36 moves the carriage 24' with respect to theclosed door 23, thereby causing the cams 39 and 39' and the rollers 40and 40 to lower the door hanger ll and the door. By the time this doorlowering has occurred, the roller 54' has moved onto the rail 2% fromthe position shown in Fig. 17, causing the lever 52' to hold the toggle44' in the position to which it has returned during the door loweringmovement of the carriage 24. The parts then occupy the positions shownin Fig. 18 and the carriage continues to move the door to open position.By the time the door has been fully opened, the roller 54 of the lever52 has moved from the rail 26, causing said lever 52 to free the toggle54, thereby permitting movement of the carriage 24 to the extremeposition of Fig. 19, with the result that the cams 38 and 38 coact withtherollers and 40 to lift the door 20 to a locked-open position. Thishaving been done, the proper push-button 3! may be pushed in andfastened by the notch84, thus causing lowering of the bar 64 as seen inFigs. 15 and 19, to disengage the coupling pin 53 from the operating bar359 and to lock the carriage by engagement of the notch 18' of bar 6with the lug 6i of said carriage.

75 ating bar 38 and said bar 54 can free the carriage.

The parts then are in readiness for door-closing movement. Theinitialmovement of the bar 30 moves the carriage 24 to the left from its Fig.19 position, thereby lowering the door 20 to an unlockedposition. By thetime this has occurred, roller 54 has engaged the rail 2% to lock thetoggle 44,v in the position to which it has returned, so that continuedmovement, of the carriage will drive the door to closed position. Whenthe door reaches this position, roller 54' drops from the rail, 26 (Fig.'17) permitting toggle 44 to buckle upwardly, allowing, the necessaryfurther movement of the carriage 24 toefiect lifting of the door tolockedposition. When the carriage reaches this. extreme, door-lockedposition, bar 64 is again lowered to lock the carriage and at the sametime to disengage the coupling pin 58 from the. carriage-operating bar30', the carriage locking function being then'performed by engagement vof. notch 16 (Fig. 17.) with the lug 6|- of the car area equal to thecross-sectional area of the wall containing the door. Such a provisionwould make the door become virtually a part of the wall in strength andsecurity when said door occupied locked position. The result may beaccomplished by providing enough of the lock pins 35 to cause totalcross-sectional area of pins to equal 'the cross-sectional area of thecell front wall. 'The present day ways of locking cell doors providessmall notches at the bottom and top of the door and sometimes in themiddle and at one side, into which a small lock bar is dropped orturned. When the door is opened, these notches are exposed and may beinjured with tools unless protected by expensive housings.

While preferred features have been illustrated, attention is, againinvited to the, possibility of making variations within the scope of theinvention as claimed.

What is claimed is:

1. In a door-operating and locking mechanism, a horizontally movablecarriage for the door; opcrating means for said carriage; connectingmeans between said door and said carriage having provision for allowinglimited horizontal movement of said carriage to an extreme positionbeyond its door-closed position and for allowing limited horizontalreturn movement of said carriage from said extreme position prior todoor opening; and locking means for the door applied and released bysaid limited movements of said carriage.

2. In a door-operating and locking mechanism, a horizontally movablecarriage for the door; operating means for said carriage, and connectingmeans between said door and said. carriage, said connecting means havingprovision for allowing limitedhorizontal movement of said carriage to anextreme position beyond its door-closed posie tion, for allowing limitedhorizontal return movement of said carriage from said extreme positionprior to door opening, and for allowing limited vertical movement ofsaid door to and from a locked position; said connecting means includingmeans whereby said limited horizontal movements of said carriage willmove said door to and from said door-locked position.

3. In a door-operating and locking mechanism, a horizontally movablecarriage for the door, said carriage having a longitudinal inclinedupwardly facing cam, a shoe on said door resting on said cam andsuspending the door for vertical movement under the influence of saidcam, said cam being so pitched as to move the door vertically to adoor-locked position when said carriage is moved to an extreme positionbeyond its doorclosed position, and to move said door vertically tounlocked position when said carriage is moved in door opening directionfrom said extreme position, and operating means for said carriage.

4. In a door operating and locking mechanism, a horizontally movablecarriage for the door; operating means for said carriage, and connectingmeans between said door and said carriage, said connecting means havingprovision for allowing limited horizontal movement of said carriage toextreme positions beyond its door-closed and door-open positions, andfor allowing limited horizontal return movements of said carriage fromeither of said extreme positions before starting to open or close thedoor; and means for locking said door in closed and open positions, saidlocking means being controlled by said limited movements of saidcarriage.

5. In a door operating and locking mechanism, a horizontally movablecarriage for the door; operating means for said carriage, and connectingmeans between said door and said carriage, said connecting means havingprovision for allowing limited horizontal movement of said carriage toextreme positions beyond its door-closed and door-open positions, forallowing limited horizontal return movements of said carriage fromeither said extreme positions before starting to open or close the door,and for allowing limited vertical movement of the door to and from alocked position; said connecting means including means whereby saidlimited horizontal movements of said carriage to either of said extremepositions will vertically move said door to said locked position andeither of said limited horizontal return movements of said carriage willvertically move said door to unlocked position.

6. In a door operating and locking mechanism, a horizontally movablecarriage for the door, said carriage having two longitudinal upwardlyfacing cams inclined in opposite directions; means on said doorcooperable with said cams in suspending the door and cooperable withsaid cams in vertically moving the door, said cams being arranged tovertically move the door to a locked position when said carriage ismoved to an extreme position beyond either its door-closed position orits door-open position, and to vertically move said door to an unlockedposition when said carriage is returned from either of its extremepositions, and operating means for said carriage.

'7. In a door-operating and locking mechanism, a horizontally movablecarriage for the door; operating means for said carriage; connectingmeans between said door and said carriage having provision for allowinglimited horizontal movement of said carriage to an extreme positionbeyond its door-closed position and for allowing limited horizontalreturn movement of said carriage from said extreme position prior todoor opening; locking means for the door applied andreleased by saidlimited movements of said carriage; and means holding the carriageagainst movement with respect to the door during the door-closingmovement of said carriage, said holding means having means whereby it isautomatically released when said door-closing movement of the carriageis complete, permitting movement of said carriage to said extremeposition to effect door locking.

8. In a door operating and locking mechanism, a horizontally movablecarriage for the door; operating means for said carriage; connectingmeans between said door and said carriage having provision for allowinglimited horizontal movement of said carriage to an extreme positionbeyond its door-closed position and for allowing limited horizontalreturn movement of said carriage from said extreme position prior todoor opening; locking means for the door applied and released by saidlimited movements of said carriage; a toggle connected at one end withsaid carriage and at its other end with the door for transmitting thedoor-closing movement of the carriage to the door; and means for holdingsaid toggle in operative position until said door is completely closedand for then effecting release of said toggle, permitting movement ofthe carriage to said extreme position to effect door locking.

9. In a door operating and locking mechanism, a horizontally movablecarriage for the door; operating means for said carriage; connectingmeans between said door and said carriage having provision for allowinglimited horizontal movement of said carriage to an extreme positionbeyond its door-closed position and for allowing limited horizontalreturn movement of said carriage from said extreme position prior todoor opening; locking means for the door applied and released by saidlimited movements of said carriage; a toggle connected at one end withsaid carriage and at its other end with the door for transmitting thedoor-closing movement of the carriage to the door; a lever fulcrumed onthe carriage and associated with said toggle to hold the latter inoperative position as long as said lever is held in a predeterminedposition; and a fixed horizontal track cooperable with said lever forholding the same in said predetermined position during door closing andfor releasing said lever when the door is completely closed, permittingmovement of the carriage to said extreme position to effect doorlocking.

10. In a door operating and locking mechanism, a horizontally movablecarriage for the door; operating means for said carriage, and connectingmeans betweensaid door and said carriage, said connecting means havingprovision for allowing limited horizontal movement of said carriage toextreme positions beyond its doorclosed and door-open positions, and forallowing limited horizontal return movements of said carriage fromeither of said extreme positions before starting to open or close thedoor, means controlled by said limited movements of the carriage forlocking the door in both closedand open positions; and means for holdingthe carriage against movement with respect to the door during thedoor-closing and door-opening movements of said carriage, said holdingmeans having means whereby it is automatically released when the doorhas been completely closed or completely opened.

11. In a door operating and locking mechanism, a horizontally movablecarriage for the door; operating means for said carriage, and connectingmeans between said door and said carriage, said connecting means havingprovision for allowing limited horizontal movement of said carriage toextreme positions beyond its doorclosed and door-open positions, and forallowing limited horizontal return movements of said carriagefrom-either of said extreme positions before starting to open or closethe door, means controlled by said limited movements of the carriage forlocking the door in both closed and open positions; two togglesextending longitudinally of the carriage, said toggles being soconnected with the carriage and door that one transmits door-closingmotion from the carriage to the door when held in operative position,and the other transmits door-opening motion from said carriage to, thedoor when held in operative position; and means for holding both togglesin operative position during the door-closing and door-opening movementsof said carriage and for releasing either toggle when itsmotion-transmitting function has been performed.

12. In a. door operating and locking mechanism, a horizontally movablecarriage for the door; operating means for said carriage, and connectingmeans between said door and said carriage, said connecting means havingprovision for allowing limited horizontal movement of said carriage toextreme positions beyond its doorclosed and door-open positions, and forallowing limited horizontal return movements of said carriage fromeither of said extreme positions before starting to open or close thedoor, means controlled by said limited movements of the carriage forlocking the door in both closed and open positions; two togglesextending longitudinally of the carriage, said toggles being soconnected with the carriage and door that one transmits doorclosingmotion from the carriage to the door when held in operative position,and the other transmits door-opening motion from said carriage to thedoor when held in operative position; two levers fulcrumed on saidcarriage, said levers being so associated with said toggles that onelever will hold one toggle in operative position as long as said onelever is held in predetermined position, and the other lever will holdthe other toggle in operative position as long as said other lever isheld in predetermined position; and a fixed horizontal track cooperablewith said levers for holding them in said predetermined position duringthe door-closing and door-opening movements of the carriage and forreleasing the lever associated with either toggle when this toggle hasperformed its motion-transmitting function.

13. In a door operating means, a horizontally elongated carriage totravel upon a horizontal track, said carriage having a cam between itsends provided with inclined ends which incline toward the ends of thecarriage, a door hanger having a portion resting on said cam betweensaid inclined ends thereof,= whereby movement of the carriage in eitherdirection with respect to the hanger will lift the latter; two toggleson the end portions of said carriage and normally buckled upwardly tosome extent, each of said toggles comprising an inner link pivoted atits inner end to said hanger and having a longitudinal slot in its outerend, an outer link pivoted at its outer end to said carriage, and a pinon the inner end of said outer link received in said slot and normallyabutting the inner end of this slot; and releasable means for normallyholding both toggles against further upward buckling, whereby movementof said carriage in either direction will correspondingly move saidhanger, and release of either toggle will allow said further upwardbuckling thereof, permitting movement of the carriage with respect tothe hanger and causing one end of said cam to lift said hanger.

14. In a door operating means, a horizontally the hanger will lift thelatter; twotoggles o-n'the.

end portions of said carriage and normally buckled upwardly to someextent, each of said toggles comprising an inner link pivoted at itsinner end to said hanger and having a longitudinal slot in its outerend, an outerlink pivoted at its outer end to said carriage, and a pinon the inner end of said outer link received in said slot and normallyabutting the inner end of this slot; and two track-controlled leversfulcrumed on said carriageand having portions normally lying upon saidtoggles to prevent further upward buckling thereof, whereby movement ofsaid carriage in either direction will correspondingly move said hanger,and release of either toggle will allow said further upward bucklingthereof, permitting movement of the carriage with respect to the hangerand causing one endof said cam to lift said hanger.

15. In a door operating and locking mechanism, a horizontally movabledoor carriage; a horizontally movable operating member for saidcarriage; a coupling member movably mounted on said carriage forconnecting it with and disconnecting it from said operating member; ahorizontal bar near said carriage and. parallel with the line of travelthereof; means mounting said bar for vertical movement with respect tosaid carriage and for prohibiting horizontal movement of said bar; meansslidable along said bar and so connecting this bar with said couplingsaid carriage and parallel with the line of travel thereof; meansmounting said bar for vertical -movement with respect to said carriageand for prohibiting horizontal movement of said bar; means slidablealong said bar and so connecting this bar with said coupling member thatthe latter may be moved to and from operative'position by verticallymoving said bar; and means for vertically moving said bar.

17. In a door operating mechanism, a door operating bar having a rack atone end; a. ear meshing with said rack; means for holding said gear inmesh with said rack; a second gear bodily rotatable with the firstmentioned gear and having a flat tooth-free peripheral portion; acarriage upon which both of said gears are mounted; means mounting saidcarriage for movement longitudinally of said rack, operating means forsaid carriage, a fixed straight track upon which said flat portion ofsaid second gear slides during part of the carriage travel, therebyholding the two gears against rotation and causing the first mentionedgear to move said rack of the operating bar at the same speed as thecarriage, and a fixed rack with which said second gear meshes when saidflat portion of said second gear slides from said straight track,whereby upon continued movement of said carriage the two gears will bedriven, thereby causing the first mentioned gear to rapidly move therack of said operating bar.

18. In a door operating mechanism having means movable to two positionsfor connecting a door carriage with a carriage-operating member and fordisconnecting said carriage from said member; spring means for movingthe first named means to one of said positions; manually actuated meansfor moving said first named means to its other position, said manuallyactuated means including a slidable manually operable rod having anotch; and a panel having an opening through which said rod passes, saidnotch being engageable with the edge wall of said opening to hold saidmanually actuated means in said other position.

19. In a door operating mechanism, a chain to be driven in one directionto open a door and in the other direction to close the door; a drivingsprocket around which said chain is trained; a

hand wheel for driving said sprocket; a stop fixedly carried by saidhand wheel; a movable stop mounted stationarily with respect to therotation of said hand wheel; and setting means for moving said movablestop into the path of the wheel-carried stop when the door has beenopened or closed, said setting means having an actuator secured to saidchain.

20. A strucure as specified in claim 3; said cam having a horizontalportion on which said shoe comes to rest when the door occupies itslocked position.

21. A structure as specified in claim 6; together with two additionalcams duplicating those aforesaid and offset longitudinally of thecarriage therefrom, and additional means on said door ofisetlongitudinally thereof from the aforesaid door-carried means andcooperable with said additional cams in the same way said aforesaidmeans and cams cooperate, whereby to hold the JAMES E. BROWNING.

